Oceans cover over 70% of the Earth’s surface, but what lies beneath the surface remains largely unknown. Aided by a variety of technologies ranging from satellite remote sensing to multibeam echo sounding, ocean mapping is helping us better understand the blue planet that is in our care. For hundreds of years, 2D maps were created by collecting data representing one or more features of interest within an area of the ocean, relating the data points to a fixed boundary and to each other geographically, and then depicting that relationship on a paper map. Today, the process is much more fluid. Data is taken from various sources, processed on the fly, and represented in 3D or 4D maps.
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